|
Koine Greek (UK English , US English , or ;〔("koine" ) in Merriam-Webster〕 from Koine Greek , "the common dialect"), also known as Alexandrian dialect, common Attic or Hellenistic Greek (Modern Greek , "Hellenistic Koiné", in the sense of "Hellenistic supraregional language"), was the common supra-regional form of Greek spoken and written during Hellenistic and Roman antiquity. It developed through the spread of Greek following the conquests of Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC, and served as the common lingua franca of much of the Mediterranean region and the Middle East during the following centuries. It was based mainly on Attic and related Ionic speech forms, with various admixtures brought about through dialect levelling with other varieties. Koine Greek displayed a wide spectrum of different styles, ranging from more conservative literary forms to the spoken vernaculars of the time. As the dominant language of the Byzantine Empire it developed further into Medieval Greek, the main ancestor of Modern Greek. Literary Koine was the medium of much of post-classical Greek literary and scholarly writing, such as the works of Plutarch and Polybius.〔 Koine is also the language of the Christian New Testament, of the Septuagint (the 3rd-century BC Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible), and of most early Christian theological writing by the Church Fathers. In this context, Koine Greek is also known as "Biblical", "New Testament", "ecclesiastical" or "patristic" Greek.〔A history of ancient Greek by Maria Chritē, Maria Arapopoulou, Centre for the Greek Language (Thessalonikē, Greece) pg 436 ISBN 0-521-83307-8〕 It continues to be used as the liturgical language of services in the Greek Orthodox Church.〔Victor Roudometof and Vasilios N. Makrides, eds. (''Orthodox Christianity in 21st Century Greece'' ), Ashgate Publishing, 2010. "A proposal to introduce Modern Greek into the Divine Liturgy was rejected in 2002"〕 == Name == The word ''koinē'' () is the Greek word for "common", and is here understood as referring to "the common dialect" (). The word is pronounced , or in US English and in UK English. The pronunciation of the word in Koine gradually changed from close to the Ancient Greek pronunciation to . Its pronunciation in Modern Greek is (:ciˈni). The term was applied in several different senses by ancient scholars. A school of scholars such as Apollonius Dyscolus and Aelius Herodianus maintained the term ''Koine'' to refer to the Proto-Greek language, while others used it to refer to any vernacular form of Greek speech which differed somewhat from the literary language.〔Andriotis, Nikolaos P. ''History of the Greek Language''.〕 When ''Koine'' Greek became a language of literature by the 1st century BC, some people distinguished it into two forms: written (Greek) as the literary post-classical form (which should never be confused with Atticism), and vernacular as the day to day spoken form.〔 Others chose to refer to ''Koine'' as the ''Alexandrian dialect'' () or ''the dialect of Alexandria'', or even the universal dialect of its time. The former was often used by modern classicists. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Koine Greek」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|